Synonyms

   Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

Clinical Significance

   The electrolyte panel is ordered to identify electrolyte, fluid, or pH imbalance. Electrolyte concentrations are evaluated to assist in investigating conditions that cause electrolyte imbalances such as dehydration, kidney disease, lung diseases, or heart conditions. Repeat testing of the electrolyte or its components may be used to monitor the patient’s response to treatment of any condition that may be causing the electrolyte, fluid or pH imbalance.

   Electrolyte and acid-base imbalances can often be indicative of many acute and chronic illnesses. For this reason, the electrolyte panel is often used in the hospital and emergency settings to evaluate patients.

Specimen

   Serum

Stability

   Refrigerated (preferred) : 24 hours

Reference Range

   Sodium : 135 – 148 mmol/L

   Potassium : 3.5 – 5.3 mmol/L

   Chloride : 98 – 107 mmol/L

   Bicarbonate : 22 – 29 mmol/L

Interpretation

   With an imbalance of a single electrolyte, such as sodium or potassium, repeat testing may be ordered of that particular electrolyte, can be used to monitor the imbalance until remedied. With an acid-base imbalance, blood gases may be ordered, which will measure the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the arterial blood. These tests assist in evaluating the acuteness of the imbalance and monitoring the response to treatment.